11/01/2009
Martin Duberman's Stonewall
Martin Duberman's Stonewall
In Stonewall , historian Martin Duberman writes:
Craig Rodwell—like Leo Laurence in San Francisco—wanted militant activism to be the touchstone of New York's homophile movement. He was thoroughly fed up with Dick Leitsch's controlling influence over Mattachine, for if Leitsch had once been a militant, he was now, in Craig's view, interested solely in the advancement of Leitsch. He had become a mere politician, concerned more with protecting and inflating his own role as the broker between gays and the city administration than with empowering gays themselves, through confrontational action, to build a proud, assertive movement. Craig was also fed up with the gay bar scene in New York— with Mafia control over the only public space most gays could claim, with the contempt shown the gay clientele, with the speakeasy, clandestine atmosphere, the watered, overpriced drinks, the police payoffs and raids. His anger was compounded by tales he heard from his friend Dawn Hampton, a torch singer who, between engagements, worked the hatcheck at a Greenwich Village gay bar called the Stonewall Inn. Because Dawn was straight, the Mafia men who ran Stonewall talked freely in front of her—talked about their hatred for the ”faggot scumbags” who made their fortunes. Indeed, the Stonewall Inn, at 53 Christopher Street, epitomized for Craig everything that was wrong with the bar scene. When a hepatitis epidemic broke out among gay men early in 1969, Craig printed an angry article in his newsletter, New York Hymnal, blaming the epidemic on the unsterile drinking glasses at the Stonewall Inn. And he was probably right. Stonewall had no running water behind the bar; a returned glass was simply run through one of two stagnant vats of water kept underneath the bar, refilled, and then served to the next customer. By the end of an evening the water was murky and multicolored. Craig also thought Stonewall was a haven for ”chicken hawks” —adult males who coveted underage boys. Jim Fouratt shared that view. He characterized Stonewall as ”a real dive, an awful, sleazy place set up by the Mob for hustlers, chickens to be bought by older people.” But this was, at most, a partial view. One segment of Stonewall's varied clientele did consist of street queens who hustled; but even for that contingent Stonewall was primarily a social, not a business place. Some sixteen- and seventeen-year-olds did frequent Stonewall, and were admitted with the friendly complicity of somebody at the door (the drinking age was then eighteen)—but not for purposes of prostitution. As in any club, of course, the occasional cash transaction undoubtedly took place. Figuring prominently in Craig and Jim's scenario is the figure of Ed Murphy, one of the bouncer-doormen at the Stonewall Inn, whom they accuse of purveying drugs and young flesh there. The indictment, though overdrawn, has some substance. Murphy did deal drugs, did lech after teenagers, did make ”introductions” (for which he accepted ”tips”), and was involved in corruption, simultaneously taking payoffs from the Mafia and the New York Police Department. (That is, until the police badly beat him up one night, and he stopped informing for them.) Sascha L., who in 1969 briefly worked the door at Stonewall alongside Murphy, began by thinking of him as a father figure— posing as a cop, Murphy had once rescued Sascha from an angry John wanting more than Sascha had been willing to give—but finally decided that Murphy was a run-of-the-mill crook. Sascha was eyewitness one night to an underage boy named Tommy turning over to Murphy, in the Stonewall basement, a bag of wallets stolen during the evening. But Murphy and the Stonewall Inn had many defenders. Murphy had been employed in gay bars and after-hours places since 1946 and in the course of that long career had made—along with detractors and enemies—some staunch friends. (Indeed, in later years the Christopher Street Heritage of Pride Committee would canonize Murphy as an originating saint of the gay movement.) And as for the Stonewall Inn, it had, in the course of its two-and-a-half-year existence, become, the most popular gay bar in Greenwich Village. Many saw it as an oasis, a safe retreat from the harassment of everyday life, a place less susceptible to police raids than other gay bars and one that drew a magical mix of patrons ranging from tweedy East Siders to street queens. It was also the only gay male bar in New York where dancing was permitted. Sylvia Rivera was among the staunchest defenders of Stonewall, and of its omnipresent bouncer Ed Murphy. When down on their luck, which was often, Sylvia and her street-queen friends always knew they could turn to Murphy for a handout. Some of them called him Papa Murphy, and Sylvia's friend Ivan Valentin seems to have been his special favorite. ”To me,” Ivan says, ”Ed Murphy never did anything wrong.” Murphy had a soft spot in general for hispanics like Ivan, and also for blacks; indeed, later gay bar owners who employed Murphy would worry that he would ”turn the club black” and—since racism has always been alive and well in the gay world—frighten off the white clientele. But though Sylvia and her friends enjoyed going to Stonewall, their bars of choice were in fact Washington Square, on Broadway and Third Street and, to a lesser extent, the Gold Bug and the Tenth of Always (an after-after-hours place that catered to all possible variations of illicit life and stayed open so late it converted by nine a.m. into a regular working-class bar). The Washington Square was owned by the Joe Gallo family, which also controlled Tony Pastor's and the Purple Onion (whereas the Genovese family operated Stonewall, Tele-Star, the Tenth of Always, the Bon Soir on Eighth Street, and—run by Anna Genovese—the Eighty-Two Club in the East Village, which featured drag shows for an audience largely composed of straight tourists). Washington Square was Sylvia's special favorite. It opened at three in the morning and catered primarily (rather than incidentally, as was the case with Stonewall) to transvestites; the more upscale ones would arrive in limos with their wealthy Johns and spend the evening ostentatiously drinking champagne. But others, like Sylvia, went there for relaxing nightcaps and gossip after a hard evening of hustling on the streets. The Mob usually provided only a limited amount of money to Family members interested in opening a club; it thereafter became the individual's responsibility to turn a profit. That meant, among other things, not investing too heavily in liquor. When Washington Square first opened, the Mafia members who ran the place lost twelve cases of liquor and fifty cases of beer during the first police raid. Thereafter, only a few bottles were kept in the club and the rest of the liquor was stored in a nearby car; when the bartender was about to run out, someone would go around the corner to the parked car, put a few bottles under his arm, and return to the club. (Other bars had different strategies, such as keeping the liquor hidden behind a panel in the wall.) By thus preventing the police from confiscating large amounts of liquor during any one of their commonplace raids, it was possible—and also commonplace—to open up again for business the next day. The Stonewall Inn had, in its varied incarnations during the fifties, been a straight restaurant and a straight nightclub. In 1966 it was taken over by three Mafia figures who had grown up together on Mulberry Street in Little Italy: ”Mario” (the best-liked of the three), Zucchi, who also dealt in firecrackers, and ”Fat Tony” Lauria, who weighed in at 420 pounds. Together they put up $3,500 to reopen the Stonewall as a gay club; Fat Tony put up $2,000, which made him the controlling partner, but Mario served as Stonewall's manager and ran the place on a day-to-day basis. Tony Lauria was the best-connected of the three. He had gotten a B.A. at Xavier, had married and divorced, and lived at 136 Waverly Place, a Mob-owned apartment building. It was home to a host of related Mafia figures involved in assorted rackets: vending machines, carting companies, and sanitation. Tony's two uncles and his father also lived in the building; the latter (whose other son was a stockbroker) was high up in Mob circles and sat on the board of the Bank of Commerce on Delancey Street, a bank that laundered a fair share of Mafia money. Lauria Senior did not approve of his wayward son's penchant for hanging around street mobsters and getting involved in the ”fag bar” scene. Fat Tony lived from 1966 to 1971 with Chuck Shaheen, an openly gay man in his mid-twenties of Italian descent. The relationship was secretarial, not erotic. Shaheen acted as a man Friday, serving at different times as everything from a Stonewall bartender to the trusted go-between who ”picked up the banks”—the accumulated cash—at the bar several times a night and carried the money home to his boss. According to Shaheen, Tony developed a heavy methamphetamine habit, shooting the crystal several times a day into his veins. Under the drug's influence, Tony lost about two hundred pounds, stayed up all night at clubs (at Stonewall, his favorite hangout, he would embarrass his partners by insistently doing parlor tricks, like twirling cigarettes in the air), and began, for the first time in his life, to go to bed with men—though, to Shaheen's relief, not with him. Tony's father stopped speaking to him altogether and Shaheen had to carry messages between them. Increasingly shunned, Tony, so the rumor mill had it, was later killed by the Family. Tony and his partners, Mario and Zucchi, had opened Stonewall as a private ”bottle club.” That was a common ruse for getting around the lack of a liquor license; bottles would be labeled with fictitious names and the bar would then—contrary to a law forbidding bottle clubs from selling drinks—proceed to do a cash business just like any other bar. The three partners spent less than a thousand dollars in fixing up the club's interior. They settled for a third-rate sound system, hired a local electrician and his assistant to build a bar and raise the dance-floor stage, and got their jukebox and cigarette machines— had to get them—from the local don, Matty ”the Horse” Iannello. As the man w ho controlled the district in which Stonewall was located, Iannello was automatically entitled to a cut in the operation. Shaheen never once saw Iannello in Stonewall, nor did he ever meet him, but Matty the Horse got his percentage like clockwork. The Stonewall partners also had to pay off the notoriously corrupt Sixth Precinct. A patrolman would stop by Stonewall once a week to pick up the envelopes filled with cash—including those for the captains and desk sergeants, who never collected their payoffs in person. The total cash dispensed to the police each week came to about two thousand dollars. Despite the assorted payoffs, Stonewall turned a huge weekly profit for its owners. With rent at only three hundred dollars a month, and with the take (all in cash) typically running to five thousand dollars on a Friday night and sixty-five hundred on a Saturday, Stonewall quickly became a money machine. Some of the profit was made through side gigs for which Stonewall as a place was merely the occasion. In Shaheen's words, ”all kinds of mobsters used to come in. There were all kinds of deals going on. All kinds of hot merchandise. They would deal the stuff out of the trunks of cars parked in front of the bar. You could buy all kinds of things at Stonewall.” Shaheen recalls vividly the time a Cuban couple was swindled out of a clay plate with multicarat diamonds hidden under the glaze; they had taken the plate with them when fleeing Castro. Fat Tony had a ring made from one of the bigger (five-carat) stones and, when he later fell on hard times, had Shaheen negotiate its sale to Cartier. Some of the Mob members who worked gay clubs were themselves gay—and terrified of being found out. ”Big Bobby,” who was on the door at Tony Pastor's, a Mafia-run place at Sixth Avenue and MacDougal Street, almost blew his cover when he became indiscreet about his passion for a Chinese drag queen named Tony Lee (who, though going lamentably to fat, was famed for her ballerina act). The Stonewall Inn seems to have had more than the usual number of gay mobsters. ”Petey,” who hung out at Stonewall as a kind of free-lance, circulating bouncer, had a thick Italian street accent, acted ”dumb,” and favored black shirts and ties; he was the very picture of a Mafia mobster—except for his habit of falling for patrons and coworkers. He took a shine to Sascha L., but they would have sex only when Petey was drunk, and no mention could be made of it afterward. Some of the other mobsters would take Sascha aside and question him—Sascha was openly gay—about whether Petey ”didn't seem a little funny.” Sascha would dutifully answer no, and as a reward—and perhaps, too, because his presence made Petey nervous—Petey got Sascha a better-paying job at Washington Square. Petey turned his attentions to a drag queen named Desiree, apparently figuring that if he were caught, getting a blow job from a drag queen would be far more forgivable than giving a blow job to a stocky male doorman. Besides, Desiree was Italian. A beautiful boy with shoulder-length hair and huge amber eyes, she had a figure so stunningly ”feminine” that she passed as a woman—as a gorgeous woman—in broad daylight. But even the beautiful Desiree was outclassed by blond Harlow. (Petey had developed a huge lech for Harlow, too, but he couldn't get near her.) Harlow rarely came to Stonewall, preferring a tonier, straight uptown scene, but when she did, her chic black dresses and real jewelry set the standard for aspiring queens on the Washington Square-Stonewall circuit. Harlow never had the luck to catch Andy Warhol's eye, and so never achieved the widespread notoriety of Holly Woodlawn, Jackie Curtis, and Candy Darling, who made it into Warhol's movies and were thereby elevated into mainstream New York stardom. But Harlow—at least according to drag-queen mythology—later achieved her own kind of stardom, purportedly marrying a congressman, getting a sex-change operation at his expense, and buying (again courtesy of the congressman) a club in Philadelphia. As for Desiree, she and Petey eventually ran off together to live outside of New York as a heterosexual couple. But—again according to the rumor mill—theirs was not a storybook ending: Petey subsequently turned ”bad” and, in a fit of jealousy, shot and killed Desiree. Most of the employees at Stonewall, and some of the customers, did drugs, primarily ”uppers.” Desbutal—a mix of Desoxyn and Nembutal—was a great favorite (though later banned by the FDA), and the bar was also known as a good place to buy acid. The chief supplier was Maggie Jiggs, a famous queen who worked the main bar at Stonewall, along with her partner. Tommy Long. (Tommy kept a toy duck on the bar that quacked whenever someone left a tip.) They were a well-known team with a big following. Maggie, blonde, chubby, and loud, knew everybody's business and would think nothing of yelling out in the middle of the crowded bar, ”Hey, girl, I hear you got a whole new plate of false teeth from that fabulous dentist you been fucking!” But Maggie loved people, had good drugs, was always surrounded by gorgeous men, and arranged wonderful threeways, so her outspokenness, and even her occasional thievery, were usually forgiven. Maggie and Tommy were stationed behind the main bar, one of two bars in the Stonewall. But before you could get to it, you had to pass muster at the door (a ritual some of the customers welcomed as a relief from the lax security that characterized most gay bars). That usually meant inspection, through a peephole in the heavy front door by Ed Murphy, ”Bobby Shades,” or muscular Frank Esselourne. ”Blond Frankie,” as he was known, was gay, but in those years not advertising it, and was famous for being able to spot straights or undercover cops with a single glance. If you got the okay at the door—and for underage street kids that was always problematic—you moved a few steps to a table, usually covered by members of what one wag called the Junior Achievement Mafia team. That could mean, on different nights, Zucchi; Mario; Ernie Sgroi, who always wore a suit and tie and whose father had started the famed Bon Soir on Eighth Street; ”Vito,” who was on salary directly from Fat Tony, was hugely proud of his personal collection of S.S. uniforms and Nazi flags, and made bombs on the side; or ”Tony the Sniff” Verra, who had a legendary nose for no-goods and kept a baseball bat behind the door to deal with them. At the table, you had to plunk down three dollars (one dollar on weekdays), for which you got two tickets that could be exchanged for two watered-down drinks. (According to Chuck Shaheen, all drinks were watered, even those carrying the fanciest labels.) You then signed your name in a book kept to prove, should the question arise in court, that Stonewall was indeed a private ”bottle club.” People rarely signed their real names. ”Judy Garland,” ”Donald Duck,” and ”Elizabeth Taylor” were the popular favorites. Once inside Stonewall, you took a step down and straight in front of you was the main bar where Maggie held court. Behind the bar some pulsating gel lights went on and off—later exaggeratedly claimed by some to be the precursor of the innovative light shows at the Sanctuary and other gay discos that followed. On weekends, a scantily clad go-go boy with a pin spot on him danced in a gilded cage on top of the bar. Straight ahead, beyond the bar, was a spacious dancing area, at one point in the bar's history lit only with black lights. That in itself became a subject for camp, because the queens, with Murine in their eyes, all looked as if they had white streaks running down their faces. Should the police (known as Lily Law, Alice Blue Gown—Alice for short—or Betty Badge) or a suspected plainclothesman unexpectedly arrive, white bulbs instantly came on in the dance area, signaling everyone to stop dancing or touching. The queens rarely hung out at the main bar. There was another, smaller room off to one side, with a stone wishing well in the middle, its own jukebox and service bar, and booths. That became headquarters for the more flamboyant contingent in Stonewall's melting pot of customers. There were the ”scare drag queens” like Tommy Lanigan-Schmidt, Birdie Rivera, and Martin Boyce—”boys who looked like girls but who you knew were boys.” And there were the ”flame” (not drag) queens who wore eye makeup and teased hair, but essentially dressed in male clothes—if an effeminate version with fluffy sweaters and Tom Jones shirts. Only a few favored full-time transvestites, like Tiffany, Spanola Jerry, a hairdresser from Sheepshead Bay, and Tammy Novak, who performed at the Eighty-Two Club, were allowed to enter Stonewall in drag (Tammy sometimes transgressed by dressing as a boy). Not even ”Tish” (Joe Tish) would be admitted, though he had been a well-known drag performer since the early fifties, when he had worked at the Moroccan Village on Eighth Street, and though in the late sixties he had a long-running show at the Crazy Horse, a nearby cafe on Bleecker Street. Tish was admitted into some uptown straight clubs in full drag; there, as he sniffily put it, his ”artistry” was recognized. Some of the younger queens were homeless and more or less camped out in the small park directly opposite the Stonewall bar. Bob Kohler, a gay man in his early forties who lived nearby, became something of a protector. (Kohler would later be prominent in the Gay Liberation Front, but had long since developed empathy for outsiders: In the early sixties, his talent agency on West Fifty-seventh Street represented a number of black artists no one else would take on.) Kohler would give the young queens clothing and change, or sometimes pay for a room in a local fleabag hotel; and when out walking his dog, he would often sit on a park bench with them and listen to their troubles and dreams. He was able to hear their pain even as he chuckled at their antics. Once, when he went down to bail out Sylvia Rivera's good friend, Marsha P. Johnson, he heard Judge Bruce Wright ask Marsha what the ”P” was for. ”Pay it no mind,” Marsha snapped back; Judge Wright broke up laughing and told Kohler to “get her out of here.” Yet for all their wit and style, Kohler never glamorized street queens as heroic deviants pushing against rigid gender categories, self-conscious pioneers of a boundary-free existence. He knew too much about the misery of their lives. He knew a drugged-out queen who fell asleep on a rooftop and lay in the sun so long that she ended up near death with a third-degree burn. He knew ”cross-eyed Cynthia,” killed when she was pushed out of a window of the St. George Hotel in Brooklyn—and another ”Sylvia,” who jumped off its roof. He knew Dusty, ”ugly as sin, never out of drag, very funny, big mouth,” who made the mistake of calling the wrong person ”nigger” and was stabbed to death. And he knew several queens who had themselves stabbed a recalcitrant customer—or a competitive sister. The queens considered Stonewall and Washington Square the most congenial downtown bars. If they passed muster at the Stonewall door, they could buy or cajole drinks, exchange cosmetics and the favored Tabu or Ambush perfume, admire or deplore somebody's latest Kanecalon wig, make fun of six-foot transsexual Lynn's size-12 women's shoes (while admiring her fishnet stockings and miniskirts and giggling over her tales of servicing the firemen around the corner at their Tenth Street station), move constantly in and out of the ladies room (where they deplored the fact that a single red light bulb made the application of makeup difficult), and dance in a feverish sweat till closing time at four a.m. The jukebox on the dance floor played a variety of songs, even an occasional ”Smoke Gets in Your Eyes” to appease the romantics. The Motown label was still top of the heap in the summer of 1969; three of the five hit singles for the week of June 28—by Marvin Gaye, Junior Walker, and the Temptations—carried its imprint. On the pop side, the Stonewall jukebox played the love theme from the movie version of Romeo and Juliet over and over, the record's saccharine periodically cut by the Beatles' ”Get Back” or Elvis Presley's ”In the Ghetto.” And all the new dances—the Boston Jerk, the Monkey, the Spider—were tried out with relish. If the crowd was in a particularly campy mood (and the management was feeling loose enough), ten or fifteen dancers would line up to learn the latest ritual steps, beginning with a shouted “Hit it, girls!” The chino-and-penny-loafer crowd pretty much stayed near the main bar, fraternizing with the queens mostly on the dance floor, if at all. (”Two queens can't bump pussy,” one of them explained. ”And I don't care how beefy and brawny the pussy is. And certainly not for a relationship.”) The age range at Stonewall was mostly late teens to early thirties; the over-thirty-five crowd hung out at Julius', and the leather crowd (then in its infancy) at Keller's. There could also be seen at Stonewall just a sprinkling of the new kind of gay man beginning to emerge: the hippie, long-haired, bell-bottomed, laid-back, and likely to have ”weird,” radical views. Very few women ever appeared in Stonewall. Sascha L. flatly declares that he can't remember any, except for the occasional ”fag hag” (like Blond Frankie's straight friend Lucille, who lived with the doorman at One-Two-Three and hung out at Stonewall), or ”one or two dykes who looked almost like boys.” But Chuck Shaheen, who spent much more time at Stonewall, remembers—while acknowledging that the bar was ”98 percent male”—a few more lesbian customers than Sascha does, and, of those, a number who were decidedly femme. One of the lesbians who did go to Stonewall ”a few times,” tagging along with some of her gay male friends, recalls that she ”felt like a visitor.” It wasn't as if the male patrons went out of their way to make her feel uncomfortable, but rather that the territory was theirs, not hers: ”There didn't seem to be hostility, but there didn't seem to be camaraderie.” * * * The Stonewall management had always been tipped off by the police before a raid took place—this happened, on average, once a month—and the raid itself was usually staged early enough in the evening to produce minimal commotion and allow for a quick reopening. Indeed, sometimes the ”raid” consisted of little more than the police striding arrogantly through the bar and then leaving, with no arrests made. Given the size of the weekly payoff, the police had an understandable stake in keeping the golden calf alive. But this raid was different. It was carried out by eight detectives from the First Division (only one of them in uniform), and the Sixth Precinct had been asked to participate only at the last possible second. Moreover, the raid had occurred at one-twenty a.m.—the height of the merriment—and with no advance warning to the Stonewall management. (Chuck Shaheen recalls some vague tip-off that a raid might happen, but since the early-evening hours had passed without incident, the management had dismissed the tip as inaccurate.)” * * * But evidence has surfaced to suggest that the machinations of the Sixth Precinct were in fact incidental to the raid. Ryder Fitzgerald, a sometime carpenter who had helped remodel the Stonewall interior and whose friends Willis and Elf (a straight hippie couple) lived rent-free in the apartment above the Stonewall in exchange for performing caretaker chores, was privy the day after the raid to a revealing conversation. Ernie, one of Stonewall’s Mafia team, stormed around Willis and Elf's apartment, cursing out (in Ryder's presence) the Sixth Precinct for having failed to provide warning in time. And in the course of his tirade, Ernie revealed that the raid had been inspired by federal agents. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (BATE) had apparently discovered that the liquor bottles used at Stonewall had no federal stamps on them—which meant they had been hijacked or bootlegged straight out of the distillery. Putting Stonewall under surveillance, BATE had then discovered the bar's corrupt alliance with the Sixth Precinct. Thus when the feds decided to launch a raid on Stonewall, they deliberately kept the local police in the dark until the unavoidable last minute. When the raid, contrary to expectations, did get going, the previous systems put in place by the Mafia owners stood them in good stead. The strong front door bought needed time until the white lights had a chance to do their warning work: Patrons instantly stopped dancing and touching; and the bartenders quickly took the money from the cigar boxes that served as cash registers, jumped from behind the bar, and mingled inconspicuously with the customers. Maggie Jiggs, already known for her ”two for the bar, one for myself” approach to cash, disappeared into the crowd with a cigar box full of money; when a cop asked to see the contents, Maggie said it contained her tips as a ”cigarette girl,” and they let her go. When questioned by her employers later, Maggie claimed that the cop had taken the box and the money. She got away with the lie. The standard Mafia policy of putting gay employees on the door so they could take the heat while everyone else got their act together, also paid off for the owners. Eddie Murphy managed to get out (”Of course,” his detractors add, ”he was on the police payroll”), but Blond Frankie was arrested. There was already a warrant outstanding for Frankie's arrest (purportedly for homicide; he was known for ”acting first and not bothering to think even later”). Realizing that this was no ordinary raid, that this time an arrest might not merely mean detention for a few hours at Centre Street, followed by a quick release, Frankie was determined not to be taken in. Owners Zucchi and Mario, through a back door connected to the office, were soon safely out on the street in front of the Stonewall. So, too, were almost all of the bar's customers, released after their IDs had been checked and their attire deemed ”appropriate” to their gender—a process accompanied, as in Sylvia's case, by derisive, ugly police banter.” As for ”Fat Tony,” at the time the raid took place he had still not left his apartment on Waverly Place, a few blocks from the Stonewall. Under the spell of methamphetamine, he had already spent three hours combing and recombing his beard and agitatedly changing from one outfit to another, acting for all the world like one of those ”demented queens” he vilified. He and Chuck Shaheen could see the commotion from their apartment window but only after an emergency call from Zucchi could Tony be persuaded to leave the apartment for the bar. * * * As for ”Fat Tony” Lauria, he was quick to see the handwriting on the wall. He and his partners, Mario and Zucchi, decided that with the pending investigation of corruption within the police department by a special commission, and with Stonewall now notorious, the bar could never again operate profitably. Fat Tony soon sold the Stonewall lease to Nicky de Martino, the owner of the Tenth of Always, and had the satisfaction of watching him fail quickly—even though, with the help of Ed Murphy, de Martino got some street queens to parade around in front of Stonewall with balloons for a week or two.
Soviet Emigre Is Found Slain
Soviet Emigre Is Found Slain
A February 7, 1983 article (“Soviet Émigré Is Found Slain”) from the New York Times states:
A 24-year-old émigré from the Soviet Union was found shot to death Saturday in the doorway of a commercial building in the Chelsea section of Manhattan. The police said yesterday that the motive for the crime was unclear. They said they doubted it was robbery because the victim, Victor Malinsky of Floral Park, Queens, was wearing gold chains and a diamond ring and had $265 in his wallet. He was also carrying a pagin device, which was beeping when officers arrived at the scene at 5:30 A.M. Mr. Malinsky was shot in the head, chest and back, the police said. The body was found at the entrance to 601 West 26th Street, between 11th and 12th Avenues, by the building’s night watchman. Mr. Malinsky, a self-employed interior decorator, arrived from the Soviet Union in 1980 and lived at 270-15A Grand Central Parkway, according to the police. They said they had not determined whether the victim was slain at the Chelsea site or slain elsewhere.
A 1985 diary entry by gay club promoter Dean Johnson who worked at The World states:
While I was working the door at Save The Robots an obnoxious little man insisted on being let in to the club and I had to turn him away. He said, "You'll be sorry, I'm Arthur Weinsteins's brother, I'll have you fucking killed. I'm gonna go get him right now. You'll be sorry." Well, I was a little nervous since rumor had it that Arthur Weinstein had killed a man at an after-hour club called The Jefferson, but there was a higher principle at stake here. His brother was gross. A few minutes later a shadowy, menacing figure showed up at my door. It was Arthur Weinstein. "Do you know who I am?" he asked me. "Yes," I replied. "Did you turn my brother away from your door?" "Yes," I repeated. He leaned in closely and looked me square in the eyes. "Would you like to come work for me?" he asked. A week later I started as the doorman at the World.
BQ NOTE: In a 1984 diary entry Dean Johnson stated that he "[o]pened a club on Third Street called Uncle Bud's Amway" which "was a huge hit until the local mafia chased us out." Sadly, Dean Johnson recently died under mysterious circumstances, and some are suggesting that he may have been murdered; if so, I wonder to what extent, if any, such a murder might have had something to do with his apparent knowledge of organized crime control of gay bars.
A July 18, 2004 article (“The Gang of New York”) by Anthony Haden-Guest from the Observer states:
Stephen Sprouse's wake took place in April this year in a design studio on 601 West 26th Street. Sprouse, an inventive designer, had a flock of friends, many of whom were on hand. * * * Sprouse had been something of a New York club kid, too, so it made sense that Arthur Weinstein was in a corner with his wife, Colleen. An urban dandy, powder-dry, with a bouffant stiff enough to scrub a floor, Weinstein is one of the more durable figures in New York's nightworld. It turned out that 601 West 26th Street is not just shared with the high-gloss likes of Martha Stewart and Hugo Boss. 'It's the building my partner, Victor Malinsky, was killed in front of,' he told me. 'I know that story, Arthur,' I said. And I thought I did. But I was wrong. Why hadn't he told me this tale before? 'I was scared,' he said. He spoke deadpan. But he meant it. It began with a party that Arthur Weinstein threw for Colleen in their loft on the second floor of the Jefferson, a defunct theatre on West 14th Street. This was in 1980. Until not so long before - until the celebrated Studio 54 opened, to be specific - Weinstein's club Hurrah had been a playpen for new wavers like the B-52s, Talking Heads and Blondie, and he was still one of the coolest of Mr Cools. The party was wall-to-wall with the creatures of the A-list night. 'I look around. It was magic!' he said when he, his wife and the rest of the gang finally decided to tell me all. 'I thought, fuck it! I'm opening the place.' As an illegal after-hours joint, that is. * * * He reeled in a partner, Scotty Taylor. They had met when Taylor was a barman at Studio 54. A sunny fellow, awestruck by what he had heard of Hurrah, Taylor had kept Weinstein supplied with Stoly-and-tonics on the house. He had then moved to the Ritz, a club owned by the theatre producer and bon viveur Jerry Brandt. 'I would take money from the Ritz basically. I would pull $300 every night. Arthur would pick it up,' Taylor said. Thus the club was funded. ‘I found out about it years later,' Jerry Brandt said. 'And I was furious. I was mostly furious because they had only to ask me.' * * * They needed a final 10 grand to kick-start the place. 'And even though I was taking money, I still had more in my cash register than all the other people working,' Taylor said. 'I liked the status. And the club loved me because I was number one money guy. So I didn't want to go below that.' Paul Garcia, a successful model with ambitions to run his own place, came up with the necessary. He became the third partner. The Jefferson opened on New Year's Eve 1980. * * * It was Jerry Brandt who warned Weinstein they needed protection and hooked them up with the cops of the Ninth Precinct. 'He said, "You've got to pay these guys and they'll make sure that you stay open,"' Weinstein said. 'So I began paying them $500 a week.' * * * Arthur learnt he was going to have to wear a concealed mic - a wire - against the cops. * * * It transpired that the feds' focus on after-hours joints was not just a phase of the war on nightworld that felled Rubell and Schrager. John S Martin Jr, the district attorney for the southern district of New York, originally sent out agents to check whether the mob was involved in the after-hours clubs. 'They saw it was just a bunch of kids with pink hair running clubs,' Scotty Taylor said. 'They told him there's nothing going on here. Only they're paying off the cops.' The DA decided to go after the cops. * * * Weinstein, who was now paying off the cops with marked bills supplied by the FBI, had so far managed to keep Taylor out of the mess. 'Art told the feds I was a drug addict,' Taylor said. 'He said that I was slightly retarded, that I don't know anything.' * * * By then, the Jefferson was waning. 'We had a very good run. But it was pretty much the end of the line because I had been closed several weeks in a row,' Weinstein said. 'In the nightclub business, if you're closed, it's a real problem. People go somewhere else. Then another prize character comes around, an ex-cop, a psychotic crazy fuck. He'd been with the Ninth Precinct. He was into Quaaludes. He was always whacked out, always.' * * * 'Everybody was afraid of him,' Weinstein said. 'He came in with a wad of cash. As an investment. And I took it. And I managed to get back on an even keel for a little bit.' Club people hang together. One morning Weinstein and John Belushi took off for AM-PM, a club run by one Vito Bruno. He got back home about 10 in the morning. 'Colleen was out of town,' he said. 'And the guy was waiting for me in his car. And he's got a long ... thing in this plastic bag. Like it was flowers. But you knew it wasn't flowers. He said, "Get upstairs." We get upstairs. 'So he sits down. He takes out a long single-barrelled shotgun. And he said to me - it sounds ridiculous, but he said to me: "Where did you go?" 'I go, "I went to AM-PM." 'He said, "Because you didn't say goodbye!" 'And he has the gun like this.' Arthur waggled his forearm. 'And it went off!' He gave a hiccup of a laugh. 'I was 'luded too. If I wasn't, I probably would have jumped out of the window. The gun blew a hole the size of a grapefruit - bigger than a grapefruit, more like a little pumpkin - in the wall. Three feet over my head. And he goes, "Oh, I'm sorry! It went off by accident."' They flew off in opposite directions. 'The very next day I said to Scotty, "I'm getting the fuck out of here,"' Weinstein said. 'And that was the end of the Jefferson.' * * * Did the feds ever learn about the psycho? 'No. I was so scared of him that I didn't tell 'em. And somehow they never found out,' Weinstein said. * * *And even before the Jefferson was shuttered, Arthur Weinstein, the man who did so much to create it, was putting together his next place. A cool name is crucial and he called this (wholly illegal) space the Continental. The space was a garage on West 25th Street, namely West Chelsea, the area which has now replaced SoHo as the Posh Art District, but it was then an industrial wasteland, clustered with auto-parts outlets. Didn't the FBI mind? 'It was the feds who told him to go ahead,' Colleen said. 'That's how we got our money. From the feds!' Weinstein said. 'We had just started construction. I did what I usually did. I got money from whoever I could that I knew wasn't going to turn around and kill me if I didn't pay him back that day. I told the feds I didn't have any money to keep going, and the fucking thing wasn't going to make it, and yadda-yadda-yadda. So they gave me about $15,000. Cash, of course.' Why would they do that? 'The feds had busted the Ninth Precinct. Now they wanted the 10th,' Colleen said. The Ninth Precinct had been ordinarily sticky-fingered. The 10th were ... professionals. * * * 'The feds were more than happy,' Scotty Taylor says. 'They didn't have to pay for a sting operation. We put out the cheese and, sure enough, guys from 10th Precinct came driving up.' The Fire Department soon followed. ‘The fireman who came was a real riot,' Arthur says. 'He was a squat, overweight wide-bodied type. He patted me down for a wire. Thank Christ he didn't find it, because I never wore it where everybody thought it might be. Then he said, "All right! You're OK! Now let's cut the bullshit! How much you gonna pay?"' A wry chuckle. 'That was the last recording I had to make.' * * * It was then some Italian wise guys made their move. A couple arrived at the door, with babies. 'Am I here?' one asked Arthur. It wasn't one of Weinstein's more alert evenings. He eyed them, blurrily. 'Not knowing what the fuck he means by this, I say, "Of course you're here,"' he said. Next night they were back. This time Paul Garcia was on the door. 'The guy says, "Listen, I want a thousand dollars in an envelope every night." I said, "Yeah? I'll have to talk to my partner about that."' Unlike Scotty Taylor, Garcia had no idea Arthur was wearing a wire. It simply didn't occur to him to go to the authorities. 'I wouldn't have paid the guy. We would have closed and opened somewhere else. They probably would have followed us around. And they probably would have shut us down,' he says. But it happened that Paul Garcia had his own Italian connections. ‘I was very lucky. It was mere coincidence. I rented a downtown restaurant from a particular family. The grandfather started out as a rubbish collector. They owned that whole area around Canal Street and bits of Tribeca when it was very unfashionable. 'I had very little contact with the head of the family. It was one of his sons that we leased the property from. He liked my brother and me. I called and said, "I need to set up a meeting with your father."' Both father and son were called Vincent. Paul gave Vincent Jr the name of the fellow who had demanded the $1,000. Vincent Jr set up a meeting with his father. 'This was a beautiful scene. It was more like something out of The Godfather than The Sopranos. It was in their own restaurant - very old-world Italian. It had a little white canopy down to the street. And it was all wise guy cars outside. 'They brought the hood in. He turned out to be just a muscle man from Brooklyn. We met in the corner in the restaurant and the father reluctantly sat down with us. He said: "All right! So what's the situation?"' Paul said, 'I've got this other place which is the money I need to pay your rent. And this guy wants to squeeze it out of me. If he squeezes it out of me, then I'm going to have to walk away. You're not going to have a tenant in the diner.' Vincent Sr followed the plot. 'Go to the bar and have a drink,' he instructed. A while later, Garcia was called back to the table. The Brooklyn guy was still there. 'He's wearing a white jacket like John Travolta in the disco movie,' Garcia said. Vincent Sr told Garcia no payments would be necessary. The would-be shakedown artist showed no emotion. 'You don't got to worry about that no more,' Vincent Sr told Garcia. 'But if something else happens, don't bring me into the picture.' * * *Money was flowing into the Continental, but it evaporated the way easy money does, and soon enough they needed re-financing. New York had been filling up with Russian hard men. One pair showed up: Vadim Semon and Victor Malinsky. Paul Garcia was not delighted. 'I don't really want these Russkies involved with my trade,' he told Arthur. 'But if we've got to borrow money, you borrow money from Vadim, and only Vadim. Victor is not part of the picture.' 'Victor, he was a counterfeiter,' Arthur said. 'Vadim was into a lot of different things. Anyway, they gave me about $75,000. I never had any problems with the Russians. And they got their money back.' The Continental had a longer run than the Jefferson, namely a couple of years, but in Manhattan a whoosh! can go pfft! in a nanosecond. And so it was with the Continental. 'One moment you've got the hottest club in New York. Next moment you've got nothing,' Weinstein said, dolorously. Scotty Taylor does not concur. 'We were still doing business. It wasn't because nobody was showing up. It was because the feds were going to start prosecuting. We had to close,' he said. Anyway, Arthur - keep moving! - was already putting together another joint. It was on 27th Street and 11th Avenue. He called it Le Pop. * * * 'Vadim was my partner. But I didn't take a nickel for Le Pop. That's why I didn't get killed,' Arthur said. 'We were getting ready to open. And then by very lucky timing 23 cops were busted in the 10th Precinct. That was on 20 January 1983. We opened on 5 February.' 'Le Pop was great. We opened one night. And the second night was the real opening. There was a huge snowstorm,' Scotty Taylor said. The Russians were harder to get rid of than the Italians. 'Victor and Vadim were there,' Arthur said. 'Vadim was on crutches. He is obviously in agony. He'd been in a skiing accident. To this day I think about that night. I couldn't figure out what he was doing at the club. Then Victor got a call at three in the morning and left.' It was almost six and Le Pop was popping. Ellen K - the club-name of the editor of a Downtown fashion magazine, now a housewife and mother in Connecticut - was sitting with Colleen. She thinks there may have been as many as 700 people there. 'Somebody rushed up and told us something had happened,' she said. 'Then the police came. We ran into the bathroom and they gave me lots of coke to carry out. I shoved it down my corset. We were stuck inside for 15 or 20 minutes before the police opened the door.' Victor had been found in the doorway of 601 West 26th Street. He had been shot in the head. 'The police searched 98 per cent of the people, looking for the gun. But this guy and I walked out arm in arm, like boyfriend and girlfriend. We put on a show, kissing. And then we went off to AM-PM. It was no big deal. We went off partying.' Ellen laughed incredulously. 'Can you imagine?' It emerged that Victor, who had previously been arrested for distributing counterfeit dollars, had reneged on a deal to go undercover because he was scared of 'his friends'. He was to have been sentenced on 7 February. There is heat and there is too much heat. Le Pop never had a third night. The trial of the 10th Precinct cops began. Arthur had a simple deal: Testify, then ... au revoir! The trial was colourful. It turned out the cops also had been partying with the transvestite hookers who were a feature of the district. 'They had orgies in a van. One of the transvestites had to turn in the cops and he/she was down at the trial,' Arthur observed. 'It was an orgy. I wonder where he wore the wire?' A sergeant co-operated with the prosecution. 'He ratted out everybody. He got sent fish in the mail.' The fish being a nice Godfather touch. 'He wouldn't move. He was kind of a swashbuckling guy who thought he could handle anything.' Arthur had to testify about each cop he had paid off. 'Wherever I could protect somebody, I did. They weren't bad guys. The feds wanted to know if I gave somebody $50. If I didn't have to tell them, I didn't. The feds will ruin a guy's career for $50 or $100. They have absolutely no ethics.' The feds kept their deal, however. Arthur did what he had to do. He felt his journey to the bottom of the night was over. Wrong. On Tuesday 22 1983 the front-page headline on the New York Times ran: 'FBI Inquiry on After-Hours Clubs Strains Links With Police'. The story began: 'At 1am the ground floor of the warehouse was transformed into a cave of fantastic shadows: an all-night crowd spurred on by flashing lights, music, liquor and a little cocaine. Standing on the loading dock in front of the after-hours club, the Continental on West 25th Street, was Arthur Weinstein, the co-owner. His hair was slicked back and he wore a white dinner jacket with a jet-black cummerbund. Underneath his evening clothes was a transmitter that allowed the FBI to monitor every word he said.' * * * Arthur had only worn the wire against targeted cops and firemen. * * * 'Somebody wrote, 'ART THE WIRE' on my door. That was nice,' he says. 'But you know what? I never stopped going out. Nobody had the balls even to stand next to me, that's how hot I was. "Why are you alive? Why aren't you in Brazil?"' 'Arthur still came out every single night. Art didn't hide. He didn't hide,' Scotty Taylor said. 'He was scared too. Guys were going to go to jail. The mafia, they're all about business. But bad cops can be mean. And everybody everywhere was yadda-yadda-yadda. It didn't stop.' What made people decide he hadn't been taping them too? 'Because I was there,' Arthur said. 'They figured if this guy's crazy enough to be walking around, he's not afraid. Because if he's got something to hide, he don't come around. So gradually people started to relax. But I'll tell you one thing. I had two guys I got pot from, very big dealers. And they didn't think twice about selling to me. I thought that was pretty classy.'"
The Gilded Grape at 719 Eighth Avenue
The Gilded Grape at 719 Eighth Avenue
The Gilded Grape was a Genovese controlled tranny bar within Matty Ianniello's portfolio, and in NewsWalker former Daily News reporter and editor R. Thomas Collins Jr. writes:
Gerald Cohen founded the Gilded Grape at 719 8th Ave. He later set up a number of Midtown sex joints and still later Jericho Displays, where investigators learned that Ianniello often cashed his checks, in one of his many business roles. “Drag queens, transvestites came to my place,” Cohen told me. “I had a market and I served them. The only people I didn’t let in were whores. I’ve been harassed by the SLA and police.” Cohen was being pressured on his permits and was accused of associating with organized crime. “Once a cop told me they kept the pressure on me because the ‘establishment’ didn’t like drag queens. My lawyer has been fighting all the way. I wanted to stand by my customers. They’ve got a right to be that way.” To me, this seemed totally beside the point. He wasn’t running a charity. He was making money. Cohen said he had lost money on the Grape and was no longer in the bar business. * * * “Of course I know Matty Ianniello,” Cohen said, “and I was being harassed by law enforcement just because he was reputed to be associated with the Mafia. My only connection with Matty is knowing him, and one of my partners at Jericho used to work at the Peppermint Lounge, when Matty owned it.” Cohen, lying flat on his back on the couch with his arm crossed over his forehead, must have taken some painkillers, because he was beginning to repeat himself. “Cops are harassing me,” he said, holding his swollen jaw. “I admit it, I tried to bribe one. But he wouldn’t take money. He said the establishment didn’t want drag queens on 8th Avenue. I’ve got nothing to hide. I’ve done nothing wrong and never committed an illegal act in my life. I’ve been open.” He said this as though he’d forgotten I was still in the room. “Open?” I said. “Open to what?” “The IRS was here last week.” As I left, I realized how ordinary the people in these extraordinary enterprises were. But I also realized that the heat had been turned on. If the feds from the IRS were visiting guys like Cohen, the midtown investigations were getting hot.
The Gilded Grape was where Andy Warhol recruited the models who were the subject of his 1971 "Ladies and Gentlemen" series:
The idea for the the Ladies and Gentlemen series (consisting of images of drag queens) came from a protegeé of art dealer Alexander Iolas named Anselmino, who had previously commissioned Warhol to do an edition of one hundred prints of Warhol's Man Ray portrait. When Warhol went to Torino to sign the prints, Anselmino suggested he do a series of drag queens, suggesting portraits of Jackie Curtis, Holly Woodlawn and Candy Darling - not realizing that Candy Darling was dead. Instead, Warhol used models found at the The Gilded Grape on West 45th Street, frequented by black and hispanic transvestites. Bob Colacello: "We would ask them to pose for 'a friend' for $50 an hour. The next day, they'd appear at the Factory and Andy, whom we never introduced by name, would take their Polaroids. And the next time we saw them at the Gilded Grape, they invariably would say, "Tell your friend I do a lot more for fifty bucks."
Η Ντε Μενιλ για τον Ιολα
Menil Archives
The Menil Archives identifies, preserves, and administers institutional records of long-term and permanent administrative, legal, fiscal, and research value to the Menil Foundation and the Menil Collection. The Archives also houses Special Collections and the Film and Media Collection. Subject to reasonable restrictions on the grounds of their fragility, security or confidentiality, records are available to individuals demonstrating a need to consult the material for research purposes. Access policies and restrictions apply equally to all researchers.
Research hours are Monday-Thursday, 9:30 a.m.– 5:00 p.m., by appointment only. Requests for appointments can be made by emailing archives@menil.org; please include a summary of the topic or project and research dates.
Guidelines and procedures:
All patrons are required to fill out a registration form.
No food or beverages are allowed in the Archives.
Use only pencils when taking notes.
Cotton gloves (provided by the Archives) must be worn when handling photographs and other delicate materials.
Note that researchers assume the responsibility to secure required permissions to copy, quote and/or publish any materials in the collection
Archival Holdings
Menil Foundation Institutional Records
These are records generated in the normal course of business and include, but are not limited to, Administration, Curatorial, and Registration departmental records; Menil Foundation Project and Grant records; Exhibition History files; Architectural records for the Menil Collection and the Cy Twombly Gallery; Menil Family Records, including Dominique de Menil Research and Future Exhibitions files, and 3363 San Felipe (Menil House) records; Artists' files; Collection Research and Scholars’ papers; Education and Outreach Programs; Manuscript Collection; and Publications records.
Film and Media Collection
This collection includes 16 mm films, audio and video tapes, and digital formats of collection and archival media related to artists’ performances, institutional events, and museum exhibitions. There are also approximately 120 films selected by Henri Langlois from the Cinematique Français; films by Roberto Rossellini, including an unfinished documentary on science made at Rice University; films by and about Joseph Cornell; independent films by various directors, including Danny Lyon; the collection of films made by François de Menil; and an extensive collection of interviews about John de Menil conducted by Adelaide de Menil Carpenter.
In 2008 Menil Archives produced the film Max Ernst Hanging, directed by Francois and John de Menil, assembled from archival footage shot by Francois de Menil in 1973 during the installation of the exhibition Max Ernst: Inside the Sight.
Η Ομάδα Φιλοπαππου για τον Ιολα
Γίνεται έτσι κατανοητό ότι, στο βαθμό που προαπαιτείται η χρήση ενός κοινού κώδικα επικοινωνίας και ανταλλαγής απόψεων, ο επαναπροσδιορισμός της σημασίας των όρων καθαυτών κρίνεται απαραίτητος.
Τι σημαίνει, για παράδειγμα, «σκηνή», με ποιους όρους δραστηριοποιείται, ποια γεγονότα τη συνοδεύουν, ποιος ο ρόλος των ανθρώπων και ποια η δυναμική του συνόλου των εγχειρημάτων; Ή, ακόμα καλύτερα, πώς θα έπρεπε να είναι μια «σκηνή», ποιος ο ιδανικός ρόλος των αντίστοιχων θεσμών σήμερα, τι χαρακτήρα θα έπρεπε να έχει η καλλιτεχνική πρακτική και που θα θέλαμε να «οδηγηθούν» τα πράγματα.
Είναι σίγουρο, πως η όλη προβληματική δεν κάνει για πρώτη φορά την εμφάνισή της. Εντούτοις, μπορεί να επαναδιατυπωθεί μέσω της χρήσης ενός παραδείγματος: της εμβληματικής μορφής του Αλέξανδρου Ιόλα. Στο πρόσωπό του αντικατοπτρίζεται μια άλλου τύπου ματαίωση. «Άλλου τύπου» διότι διαρκεί, εκκρεμώντας ανάμεσα στην απορία για την τύχη της «χαμένης», ή ίσως καλύτερα, διεσπαρμέμης συλλογής του και τα αναπάντητα ερωτήματα που εκκινούν από την πιθανότητα συνολικής φιλοξενίας της σε ένα μουσείο, όπως τουλάχιστον ο ίδιος επιθυμούσε. Η «διάρκεια» της ματαίωσης γίνεται εμφανής, στον συσχετισμό της με την αδιάκοπη καταστροφή και «αποψίλωση» της οικίας του στην Αγία Παρασκευή, την περίφημη Βίλα του Ιόλα, τόπος στον οποίο δυνάμει θα φιλοξενούνταν η συλλογή μετά το θάνατό του δανδή συλλέκτη και πάτρωνα της μοντέρνας τέχνης και που μετά από αυτόν τέθηκε σε κατάσταση αστικού κενού.
Θεωρώντας αναγκαία την επαναφορά αυτού του συστήματος που φαίνεται να έχει ακυρωθεί με τα χρόνια, σε ένα προηγούμενο καθεστώς λειτουργίας του τόπου, πέραν του οποίου θα ξαναεγγραφούν τα νέα δεδομένα που θα θέσουμε ως ζωντανός οργανισμός της νέας καλλιτεχνικής σκηνής, οφείλουμε να παρατηρήσουμε προσεκτικότερα τα ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά της ως άνω ματαίωσης. Διερωτόμαστε λοιπόν, τι συμβολίζει ο Αλέξανδρος Ιόλας; Ποιος ο ουσιαστικός ρόλος ανάλογων προσωπικοτήτων της παγκόσμιας καλλιτεχνικής σκηνής τότε και τώρα; Ποια η διάδραση ανάμεσα στην πολιτική εξουσία και το «καλλιτεχνικό πεδίο» τότε (ΠΑΣΟΚ, Μελίνα Μερκούρη), και ποια τώρα; Πώς αντιλαμβανόμαστε την καλλιτεχνική δραστηριότητα της γενιάς μας, ως καλλιτεχνών στη σκιά μιας συλλογής βαρύνουσας σημασίας, όπως αυτή του Αλέξανδρου Ιόλα, και πιο θα είναι το έργο μας εφ όσον αναλάβουμε δράση; Που και με ποιόν τρόπο γίνονται αντιληπτές οι αλλαγές στάσης απέναντι σε ζητήματα -μεταξύ άλλων- καλλιτεχνικής εκπαίδευσης και περιεχομένου των σύγχρονων έργων; Πώς θα μπορούσε, τέλος, να εννοηθεί ένα φανταστικό «μουσείο» του μέλλοντος, που θα απαντήσει στις ιδιαιτερότητες και της ανάγκες μας σήμερα;
Δουλέψαμε σαν ομάδα για να ανιχνεύσουμε τα σημεία που μας οδήγησαν στην παρούσα κατάσταση της ελληνικής καλλιτεχνικής παραγωγής και παρουσίας, βλέποντάς τα σαν ένα σύνολο καταστάσεων που μας χαρακτηρίζουν και μας αφορούν. Ανακαλύψαμε τη βίλα του Ιόλα βεβηλωμένη και παρατημένη από το κράτος. Η ίδια η Βίλα μας έδωσε το εφαλτήριο να ασχοληθούμε παραπέρα με την σύγχρονη κατάσταση της εικαστικής τέχνης στην Ελλάδα, αφού αυτή ως τόπος παραμένει ακόμα εκεί σαν ένα σύγχρονο μνημείο και μοντέρνο ερείπιο, υπενθυμίζοντάς μας την χαμένη συλλογή, τα υπερπολυτελή πάρτι και τις μεγαλοαστικού τύπου κοσμικές εκδηλώσεις και δεξιώσεις, την μοντέρνα τέχνη, και παρά πολλά αλλά τα οποία στρέφονται γύρω από αυτήν την -σχεδόν μυστηριώδη- δίνη ενός ιδιότυπου πολιτισμικού φαινομένου.
Και αναρωτηθήκαμε για όλον αυτόν τον πλούτο, υλικό και πολιτισμικό, που παράχθηκε στα μεταπολεμικά χρόνια της Ελλάδας, από τον Ιόλα, όπως και ότι κινήθηκε γύρω από αυτόν (από τον θεσμό των γκαλερί και των μουσείων μοντέρνας και σύγχρονης τέχνης, ως τον ρόλο του πάτρωνα). Που χάνονται λοιπόν τα ίχνη της "πολιτιστικής μας κληρονομιάς", εμάς της γενιάς των καλλιτεχνών που γαλουχήθηκε μέσα στις σχολές από μια κουλτούρα σαν αυτή που φτιάχτηκε από τον Ιόλα, που ανέδειξε με πολύ συγκεκριμένο τρόπο την Ευρωπαϊκή μοντέρνα τέχνη, του σουρρεαλισμού, την αμερικανική μεταπολεμική τέχνη και τα κινήματα της ποπ-αρτ; Τι θα μπορούσε, για παράδειγμα, να σήμαινει η αποδοχή της κληρονομιάς του Ιόλα στο σύνολό της, ακόμα και πέρα από τη συλλογή καθαυτή; Για ποιους λόγους η συλλογή του δεν έγινε αποδεκτή και τι συνέβαλε σε αυτό; Ποια θα μπορούσε να είναι η εξέλιξη του συγκεκριμένου χώρου σήμερα;
Αλλά και σε ένα ευρύτερο πλαίσιο, ποιος θα μπορούσε να είναι ο ρόλος τέτοιων προσώπων στο σημερινό καλλιτεχνικό γίγνεσθαι από τον θεσμό των γκαλερί και των μουσείων μοντέρνας ή σύγχρονης τέχνης, ως το ρόλο του πάτρωνα; Με ποιόν τρόπο επηρέασε το τι και το πώς βλέπουμε έργα, όπως αυτά της μεταπολεμικής μοντέρνας (ή μοντερνιστικής) αμερικανικής τέχνης; Ποιος ο ουσιαστικός ρόλος ανάλογων προσωπικοτήτων της παγκόσμιας καλλιτεχνικής σκηνής τότε και τώρα; Ποια η διάδραση ανάμεσα στην πολιτική εξουσία και το «καλλιτεχνικό πεδίο»; Πώς θα αντιλαμβανόμασταν την καλλιτεχνική δραστηριότητα μιας σύγχρονης γενιάς καλλιτεχνών στη σκιά μιας συλλογής βαρύνουσας σημασίας, όπως αυτή του Αλέξανδρου Ιόλα; Που και με ποιόν τρόπο γίνονται αντιληπτές οι αλλαγές στάσης απέναντι σε ζητήματα -μεταξύ άλλων- καλλιτεχνικής εκπαίδευσης και περιεχομένου των σύγχρονων έργων; Πώς θα μπορούσε, τέλος, να εννοηθεί ένα φανταστικό μουσείο που θα απαντούσε στις ιδιαιτερότητες και της ανάγκες τους;
Τι συμβολίζει λοιπόν ο Αλέξανδρος Ιόλας;
Μας απασχολούν ιδιαίτερα τα χρόνια κατά τα οποία έγιναν όλα αυτά μέχρι και σήμερα, αφού τότε συνέβησαν οι ραγδαίες αλλαγές σε κοινωνικοπολιτικο επίπεδο και κατ' εξακολούθηση και σε πολιτισμικό, οι οποίες μας χαρακτηρίζουν πολύ πιο άμεσα από την παράδοση της αρχαίας Ελλάδας.
Έχοντας ξεκινήσει πριν αρκετό καιρό την έρευνά γύρω από τις προσλαμβάνουσες μιας τόσο ιδιάζουσας περίπτωσης, η ομάδα Φιλοπάππου προσανατολίζεται στην ενεργοποίηση το τόπου εκείνου, της Βίλας Ιόλα, που φέρει όλα τα σημεία μιας βεβήλωσης, ενός τόπου, στον οποίο συνειδητοποιούμε τελικά ότι έχουν διαδραματιστεί πολύ σημαντικά γεγονότα στην ιστορία της τέχνης της σύγχρονης Ελλάδας.
Πρέπει να αναλογιστούμε ποια ακριβώς είναι αυτά τα σημαντικά γεγονότα, ποιοι καλλιτέχνες πρωταγωνίστησαν σε αυτά, ποιο το έργο τους, τι μας άφησαν ως παρακαταθήκη και ποια ιστορία έγραψαν για μας.
Το έργο που επιλέγουμε να ξεκινήσουμε είναι από τη φύση του πολυσχιδές. Το επιλέγουμε διότι καλύπτει με τη σκιά του ένα ευρύτατο φάσμα της καλλιτεχνικής πραγματικότητας του σήμερα, κάτι το οποίο διαφαίνεται καθαρά από την παρουσίαση του ιστορικού που έχουμε συντάξει μετά από ένα χρόνο έρευνας. Μεταφορικά θα μπορούσαμε να πούμε ότι στην ουσία επιχειρούμε μια σύγχρονου τύπου «ανασκαφή» στο πρόσφατο παρελθόν.
Η ομάδα Φιλοπάππου τρέφει την επιθυμία να προσθέσει κάποια νέα δεδομένα στη σύγχρονη ελληνική εικαστική κατάσταση, χρησιμοποιώντας τη γνώση του παρελθόντος, αναγνωρίζοντας τις δυνατότητες που της δίνονται μέσα από αυτή τη γνώση, «εξαργυρώνοντας» την ιστορία που γράφτηκε πολιτιστικά μέσα στο σύγχρονο κοινωνικό πλαίσιο. Διατηρεί τη φαντασίωση της βίλας ως ένα σύγχρονο κέντρο πολιτισμού, που με τη βοήθεια των θεσμών θα μπορούσε να χρησιμοποιηθεί, όχι όμως σαν ένα ακόμη μουσείο, κλειστό και ιδρυματοποιημένο αλλά σαν ένα χώρο αφιερωμένο στην αναζήτηση, έρευνα και δημιουργία πρωτοποριακών έργων που θα στέλνουν τα βέλη τους στο μελλοντικό γίγνεσθαι της διεθνικής πολιτισμικής παραγωγής. Σε συνάρτηση με τις νέες επιταγές έκφρασης και πραγμάτωσης μιας διεθνούς και διαπολιτισμικής κουλτούρας, συνυφασμένες με τις κοινωνικοπολιτικές, τεχνολογικές και επιστημονικές αναζητήσεις του σήμερα.
Ως ομάδα Φιλοπάππου έχουμε ήδη στο παρελθόν μας δράσεις που είχαν ως σκοπό την επανενεργοποίηση τόπων και σημείων της πόλης, με πιο αφηρημένο τρόπο. Τόπων που έχουν, είτε πολύ ισχυρή ιστορία (έκθεση Ερειπίων Ένοικοι στο ξενοδοχείο στην Πορταριά Πηλίου), είτε αρχαιολογικό και αστικού σχεδιασμού ενδιαφέρον και συνάμα λειτουργική θέση στην καθημερινότητα της πόλης (έκθεση 37-58 Β/23-43 Α στο παλιό νταμάρι του λόφου Φιλοπάππου), είτε με τουριστικό ενδιαφέρον (Μέμορυ Γκέιμ, Ζούμπερι, Locus Solus στην Ιθάκη, έκθεση στην γκαλερί Gazon Rouge).
Αλλάζοντας προφίλ, βρίσκουμε σκόπιμο να λειτουργήσουμε συλλογικά και νομαδικά ως ένας μη θεσμισμένος οργανισμός με απτές αναφορές στην βίλα του Ιόλα, αφού επί του παρόντος τη θεωρούμε και την ορίζουμε σαν την καλλιτεχνική μας «πρώτη πατρίδα» και αναγνωρίζουμε ένα καλλιτεχνικό ρίζωμα σ΄ αυτήν, ενώ προς το παρόν έχουμε μεταφέρει στο διαδίκτυο τις σκέψεις μας και τις δράσεις σε σχέση με αυτή.
Απευθύνουμε κάλεσμα συμμετοχής και δράσης σε καλλιτέχνες, θεωρητικούς, ιστορικούς ή αντίστοιχες ομάδες, με σκοπό την αναψηλάφηση των παραπάνω ζητημάτων, εντός του πλαισίου της αντιπαραβολής τους με την εμβληματική μορφή του Αλέξανδρου Ιόλα.
Σαν πρώτη φάση του έργου, για την αναγνώριση του πεδίου στο οποίο συνεχίζουμε να εργαζόμαστε, ορίζουμε οι ίδιοι κάποιες επίπεδα ενεργειών και δράσεων που σχετίζονται με το πολυσχιδές θέμα και αφορούν μεταξύ άλλων:
1) α. την ίδια τη βίλα Ιόλα σαν κτισμένο και διαμορφωμένο χώρο, ως αρχιτεκτόνημα, β. ως ένα παράδειγμα μοντέρνου ερειπίου και σύγχρονου μνημείου, γ. ως παράδειγμα στο πλαίσιο του αστικού ιστού, της πολεοδομίας της περιοχής,
2) την εμπλοκή της βίλας στην καθημερινότητα της γειτονιάς της περιοχής Kοντόπευκου Αγίας Παρασκευής,
3) τα ίδια τα έργα της απωλέσασας συλλογής Ιόλα που βρίσκονταν στην βίλα,
4) την ιδιαιτερότητα του κοινωνικού φύλλου του Αλέξανδρου Ιόλα,
5) την σχέση του Αλ. Ιόλα με τις κοινωνικοπολιτικές καταστάσεις της εποχής του, πριν και μετά την εγκατάσταση του στην Ελλάδα,
6) την παράδοση της αγοράς των γκαλερί και των μουσείων, τον πάτρωνα που μίσθωνε τους καλλιτέχνες του σε αντίθεση με τις σημερινές γκαλερί,
Και σε δεύτερη φάση, κοιτώντας την δική μας διάδραση:
7) τη σχέση που δημιουργούμε εμείς με τους θεσμούς αυτούς, καθώς και την δημοσιοποίηση και την εμπλοκή, δηλαδή την μετατροπή του ακυρωμένου μουσείου σε δημόσιο χώρο διάδρασης με την καλλιτεχνική αλλά και με την τοπική κοινότητα,
8) σε ένα πιο «υπαρξιακό» και «φιλοσοφικό» επίπεδο, την αποκλειστικότητα της ομορφιάς από τον πλούτο των υλικών και
9) το δικό μας φανταστικό μουσείο, ως χώρος φιλοξενίας καλλιτεχνικών έργων, ως αρχιτεκτόνημα, ως κέντρο παραγωγής πολιτισμού.
Με αυτόν τον τρόπο η ομάδα επιχειρεί να ανοίξει την «συζήτηση» γύρω από το όλο ζήτημα, ορίζοντας έναν ανοιχτό τόπο όπου αυτή θα φιλοξενηθεί. Κάθε πρόταση, έργο, δράση, παρέμβαση που θα πραγματοποιηθεί στο ως άνω πλαίσιο θα συναντήσει κάθε δυνατή στήριξη και προβολή εκ μέρους της ομάδας.
Η προθεσή μας είναι η καταγραφή, η παράθεση και η προβολή όλων των έργων που θα προκύψουν κυρίως σε ένα διαδικτυακό τόπο που σχεδιάζουμε, καθώς και μια έκθεση και μια ειδική έκδοση για τα έργα αυτά.
Είναι σημαντικό να τονίσουμε εδώ ότι στα πλαίσια της ‘οικειοποίησης’ της περίπτωσης Ιόλα μέσα από μια δημιουργική διαδικασία, τα πνευματικά δικαιώματα (δικαιώματα χρήσης, πώλησης ) ανήκουν στον δημιουργό τους και είναι στην ευχέρεια του κατά πόσο θα επιτρέψει ή όχι να χρησιμοποιηθεί με την σειρά του και το δικό του έργο (αναφορά) από κάποιον επόμενο.
Να θυμίσουμε/τονίσουμε εδώ ότι, όπως αναφέρεται και στο ιστορικό Ιόλα (βλ.σχετικά) η βίλα Ιόλα συνδέεται με ένα περίπλοκο ιστορικό ιδιοκτησίας χωρίς όμως αυτό να σημαίνει ότι είναι δημόσιος χώρος αλλά αποτελεί ιδιόκτητο χώρο για τον οποίο ισχύει ότι και για όλους τους ιδιόκτητους χώρους.
Ένα σύντομο βιογραφικό του Αλέξανδρου Ιόλα
Η συναναστροφή του με τους παριζιάνους σουρεαλιστές τον ωθούν να ασχοληθεί με την τέχνη. Ο χορός τον έχει κουράσει, η τέχνη τον έχει πλέον συνεπάρει. Φεύγει από τη Ν. Υόρκη και επιστρέφει στο Παρίσι για να γνωρίσει τον Βόλς και τον Φοτριέ. Η ζωή του από εδώ και πέρα είναι ένα συνεχές ταξίδι, κυρίως μεταξύ Ευρώπης και Αμερικής. Με τη βοήθεια της δούκισσας ντε Γκραμόν, ανοίγει το 1944την πρώτη του γκαλερί στην 55η λεωφόρο της Νέας Υόρκης με το όνομα «Hugo Gallery». Η Θεοδώρα Ρούσβελτ, επηρεασμένη από τους μύθους του Ηρακλή, του αλλάζει το όνομα από Κων/νος Κουτσούδης σε Αλέξανδρος Ιόλας. Εξαιτίας του πολέμου πολλοί καλλιτέχνες πηγαίνουν στην Αμερική. Δίνει χρήματα με το μήνα στους καλλιτέχνες του ώστε να τους κάνει να δουλεύουν γι αυτόν, ενώ τους κλείνει συμβόλαια που αργότερα γίνονται και ετήσια. Ανήκει σε αυτούς που σε μεγάλο βαθμό επέβαλαν το σουρεαλισμό στην Αμερική και αργότερα σε όλο τον κόσμο.
Μερικοί από τους καλλιτέχνες που συνεργάστηκε είναι: Ρενέ Μαγκρίτ, Μαν Ρέι, Μαξ Έρνστ, Δοροθέα Τάνινγκ, Φερνάν Λεζέ, Κόπλει, Ζαν Κοκτώ, Ντε Κίρικο, Ιβ Κλάιν, Μάτα, Φερνάντεζ, Βίκτωρ Μπράουνερ, Μάρσιαλ Ράις, Άντυ Γουόρχολ, Ρενό, Φινότι, Κουνέλλης, Μάρα Καρέτσου, Λεονόρ Φίνι, Αρμάν, Πασκάλι, Λαλάν, Κρίπα, Φασιανός, Παύλος, Γουναρόπουλος, Τάκις, Μαρίνα Καρέλα, Αλέξης Ακριθάκης, Λαζόγκας, Τσόκλης και Κώστας Πανιάρας.
Με το πέρας του πολέμου πολλοί από τους συνεργάτες του καλλιτέχνες επιστρέφουν στην Ευρώπη. Έτσι, αναγκάζεται να ανοίξει γκαλερί αρχικά στη Γενεύη και μετά στο Παρίσι, τη Ζυρίχη, το Μιλάνο, τη Μαδρίτη, τη Ρώμη, την Αθήνα (κατά τη διάρκεια της δικτατορίας σε συνεργασία με τον Τάσο Ζουμπουλάκη), το Λονδίνο (1981) και τη Βηρυτό. Ο ίδιος έλεγε για τους καλλιτέχνες του πως «άλλοι κουράζονται και σπάνε τα συμβόλαια και άλλοι δεν τα “σπασαν” και μπαίνουν σε μουσεία». Ανεβάζει τις τιμές των έργων από 100 σε 100.000 δολάρια. Οι κριτικοί πολλές φορές τον κατηγορούν ότι συμπεριφέρεται σκληρά απέναντι στους καλλιτέχνες του. Το 1943 παίρνει την αμερικάνικη υπηκοότητα. Η οικογένεια του τον έχει ήδη ξεγράψει. Σχέσεις διατηρεί μόνο με την αδερφή του Νίκη, η οποία τον ζηλεύει, φιλονικεί με τους συνεργάτες και τους φίλους του, γίνεται ένα μεγάλο εμπόδιο στη ζωή του από το οποίο όμως δεν μπόρεσε ποτέ να απαλλαγεί, ενώ εκείνη παντρεύεται τον Αρθούρο Στάιφελ, ο οποίος βοηθάει οικονομικά όποτε χρειαστεί τον Ιόλα. Η σχέση του με την αδερφή του Νίκη θα μπορούσε να διαβαστεί και ως σχέση εξάρτησης.
Οργανώνει τις συλλογές της Ντομινίκ ντε Μενίλ (σήμερα βρίσκεται στο Χιούστον του Τέξας), Σαλμπερζέ, Τζιάνι Ανιέλλι, του Σάχη της Περσίας, μέρος της Συλλογής Ροκφέλερ, ενώ βοηθάει με τις δωρεές του το Μητροπολιτικό μουσείο της Νέας Υόρκης και το Μπομπούρ στο Παρίσι. Το 1984 δώρισε 47 έργα του στο Μακεδονικό μουσείο σύγχρονης τέχνης. Το γαλλικό κράτος του απένειμε το «παράσημο της λεγεώνας της τιμής».
Το 1965 αγοράζει ένα οικόπεδο 25 στρεμμάτων (καλυμμένο με αμπέλια τότε) από κάποιον Βρεττό και ξεκινάει να φτιάχνει το σπίτι του στην Αγία Παρασκευή με αρχιτέκτονα τον Πικιώνη, που πήρε για βοηθό του τον Γ. Τσαρούχη. Ο ίδιος λέει: «πάντα ήθελα να γυρίσω στην Ελλάδα, να βοηθήσω τον τόπο που ξεστράβωσε τον κόσμο, ήταν η υπόσχεση μου που είχα δώσει στο Σικελιανό και στο Μητρόπουλο». Θέλει να κάνει το σπίτι του ένα είδος ινστιτούτου για τη σύγχρονη τέχνη. Δεν συμφωνεί απόλυτα με τα σχέδια του Πικιώνη και το εσωτερικό του σπιτιού αναλαμβάνει να το διαμορφώσει ο ίδιος. Φέρνει κολόνες για τον κήπο από τη Ραβέννα, καθώς επίσης το λιοντάρι και το κριάρι που διακοσμούν την είσοδο, η οποία είναι από χρυσάφι και μπρούντζο χτυπημένη από τον Καρδαμάτη και κουρτίνες από Λυωνέζικο μετάξι. Έρχονται και οι γονείς του από την Αίγυπτο και ο πατέρας του αναλαμβάνει να είναι αρχικά ο επιστάτης του σπιτιού. Στη συνέχεια ο Μεντζελόπουλος αντικαθιστά τον Πικιώνη. Ονειρεύεται τη Βίλλα ως ένα από τα λίγα μνημεία σύγχρονης τέχνης. Μέρος του κτήματος το παραχωρεί για να γίνει δρόμος. Αρχίζει και κλείνει τις γκαλερί του. Αυτή της Ν. Υόρκης την χαρίζει στον πρώην εραστή του Μπρους Τζάκσον. ΄Ολη η κοσμική Αθήνα περνάει από το σπίτι του. Καλλιτέχνες και άλλοι καταφτάνουν συνέχεια στη βίλλα, που την αναπροσαρμόζει συνεχώς ανάλογα με τους επισκέπτες του. Έχει το σχέδιο να χαρίσει το υπόλοιπο των στρεμμάτων του στους καλλιτέχνες του για να είναι κοντά του. Πρώτος ο Παύλος αποκτάει το μέρισμα. Το 1981 παθαίνει το πρώτο έμφραγμα, χειρουργείται και στη συνέχεια μένει οριστικά στην Ελλάδα. Για την οριστική εκτέλεση του ονείρου του, την δημιουργία ενός Μουσείου Σύγχρονης Τέχνης, έρχεται σε επαφή με τον αρχιτέκτονα Ναμ Γιού Πέι. Αρχίζει να δέχεται απειλητικά τηλεφωνήματα για να φύγει από την Ελλάδα. Το 1983 δίνει μια συνέντευξη στη δημοσιογράφο Όλγα Μπακομάρου για λογαριασμό του περιοδικού Γυναίκα, γεγονός που στέκεται μοιραίο για τον ίδιο. Από εκείνη τη στιγμή και μετά ξεκινάει ο πόλεμος των μέσων εναντίον του και η σπίλωσή του, πράγμα που τον εξουθενώνει (τον κατηγορούν μεταξύ άλλων για αρχαιοκαπηλία, πορνεία, ναρκωτικά). Ένας τραβεστί, ο Αντώνης Νικολάου, επονομαζόμενος και «Μαρία Κάλλας», σκορπίζει στον ελληνικό τύπο κακές φήμες για τον Ιόλα. Παραχωρεί τρία στρέμματα από το οικόπεδό του στο δήμο της Αγίας Παρασκευής προκειμένου να γίνει «Πλατεία της Τέχνης», ώστε να παίζουν τα μικρά παιδιά ανάμεσα στα σύγχρονα γλυπτά. Οι Έλληνες καλλιτέχνες από το φόβο του τύπου τον αποφεύγουν. Ο Κώστας Γαβράς από τη Γαλλία αναλαμβάνει πρωτοβουλία να συντάξει μια έκκληση που θα απευθύνεται στη συνείδηση των ελλήνων. Το κείμενο υπογράφεται από 150 προσωπικότητες (καλλιτέχνες, υπουργούς πολιτισμού, διευθυντές μουσείων, ακόμη και από τον ίδιο τον Μιτεράν) και αποστέλλεται στις ελληνικές εφημερίδες. Καμία -με εξαίρεση την Καθημερινή- δεν το δημοσιεύει. Ο Ιόλας ανακαλύπτει ότι πάσχει από Αids. Αυτή την περίοδο (1985), ο Άντι Γουόρχολ ετοιμάζει το Μυστικό Δείπνο μετά από προτροπή του Ιόλα. Θα τον εκθέσει στον καινούριο «αντιγκαλερί» χώρο στο Μιλάνο, στο παλλάτσο Στελλίνε. Την επομένη των εγκαινίων ανακαλύπτει την ύπαρξη μιας μαφιόζικης εταιρείας με το όνομα «General Trade Alexander Iolas» που είχε συσταθεί προκειμένου να κερδίσει χρήματα εκμεταλλευόμενη το όνομά του και κινείται νομικά απέναντί της. Το Φεβρουάριο του 1987, μετά την περαιτέρω επιδείνωση της υγείας του Ιόλα, η Νίκη απαγορεύει τις επισκέψεις στο σπίτι του. Ο Ιόλας φεύγει για την Ιταλία προκειμένου να κάνει εξετάσεις και στη συνέχεια εισάγεται σε νοσοκομείο στη Ν. Υόρκη. Στις 10 Μαρτίου η αδελφή του Νίκη προσφεύγει με αίτησή της στο Ειρηνοδικείο Χαλανδρίου ζητώντας να διαταχθεί η σφράγιση των πραγμάτων στο σπίτι του Ιόλα, ενώ στις 8 Απριλίου κάνει αίτηση να διοριστούν επίτροποι η ίδια και η κόρη της, όπως και γίνεται. Ο Ιόλας επιστρέφει στην Αθήνα αλλά διαμένει στο σπίτι της αδερφής του. Από την ημέρα που η Νίκη γίνεται επίτροπος, η Βίλα Ιόλα αρχίζει να αδειάζει, τα έργα μεταφέρονται σπίτι της και άλλα συσκευάζονται προκειμένου να φυγαδευτούν στο εξωτερικό. Στις 21 Απριλίου εισάγεται ξανά σε νοσοκομείο της Ν. Υόρκης και στις 8 Ιουνίου πεθαίνει. Η σωρός του κάηκε και η στάχτη του έφτασε λίγες μέρες αργότερα και ετάφη στο νεκροταφείο της Αγίας Παρασκευής, σε ειδικό τάφο που είχε παραχωρήσει ο Δήμος για τους ευεργέτες.
Ένα ιστορικό της βίλας Ιόλα
1994: Η μάχη για την προστασία από τον Δήμο Αγίας Παρασκευής ξεκινά, με τη εγκατάσταση λουκέτου στην είσοδο του κτήματος.
1996: Το κτήμα πωλείται σε μεγάλο κατασκευαστή (Σπύρο Γεωργίου), προς 500 εκατομμύρια δραχμές, όπως και το διπλανό που ανήκε στη Στάιφελ. 1998: Η βίλα χαρακτηρίζεται διατηρητέο ιστορικό μνημείο. 2000: Το σύνολο της έκτασης χαρακτηρίζεται βάσει Προεδρικού Διατάγματος (Κων\νος Τζανετάκης ) «Κέντρο Πολιτιστικών Δραστηριοτήτων» .Υπεύθυνοι για την δημοσίευση και εκτέλεση του Διατάγματος είναι το Υ.ΠΕ.ΧΩ.Δ.Ε (Υπουργός, Κ.Λαλιώτης ). Η αξία του ακινήτου προσδιορίζεται στο 1.δις,800εκ. Δραχμές. Ο Δήμος Αγ. Παρασκευής προτίθεται να εξαγοράσει το ακίνητο από τον ιδιοκτήτη Γεωργίου με δάνειο από το Ταμείο Παρακαταθηκών και Δανείων. Η διαδικασία παγώνει. 2002: Το κτήμα κηρύσσεται απαλλοτριωτέο. Με κοινή απόφαση των υπουργείων Εθνικής Οικονομίας, Οικονομικών, ΥΠΕΧΩΔΕ και Πολιτισμού ανακοινώνεται η αναγκαστική απαλλοτρίωσή του για τις ανάγκες της Πολιτιστικής Ολυμπιάδας, Μέσα στο κλίμα της πολιτιστικής ανανέωσης που συνοδεύει την προετοιμασία των Ολυμπιακών Αγώνων του 2004, μπορεί να μετατραπεί σε μουσείο σύγχρονης τέχνης ή πολιτιστικό κέντρο. Αλλά τελικά οι διαπραγματεύσεις με τον φερόμενο ως ιδιοκτήτη της βίλας δεν καρποφορούν.
2004: Η απόφαση για απαλλοτρίωση ανακαλείται. Επιδικάζεται στον ιδιοκτήτη του ακινήτου Ιόλα, Σπύρο Γεωργίου, αποζημίωση ύψους 9,5 εκατομμυρίων ευρώ, ωστόσο, μέσω του δικηγόρου του δέχτηκε ρύθμιση στα 5 εκατομμύρια ευρώ. Το υπουργείο Πολιτισμού παρέχει πίστωση 2,5 εκατομμυρίων, ενώ γίνονται προσπάθειες να βρεθούν και τα υπόλοιπα. Η αναπληρώτρια υπουργός Πολιτισμού, Φάνη Πάλλη-Πετραλιά, έχει ζητήσει από τον Μάιο (2004), αύξηση πίστωσης για την απαλλοτρίωση του χώρου από το υπουργείο Οικονομίας».
07/2004: Φωτιά στο υπόγειό της Βίλλας, η οποία σβήνεται από τους περίοικους. Κυκλοφορούν διάφορα σενάρια εμπρησμού.
30/8/2007: Το υπουργείο Πολιτισμού εγκρίνει εκ νέου την απευθείας αγορά ή αναγκαστική απαλλοτρίωση του κτήματος, με στόχο την «προστασία, προβολή και ανάδειξη του μνημείου».
2008: Το ποσό που ζητά σήμερα από το Δημόσιο ο κατασκευαστής ανέρχεται στα 12 εκατ. Ευρώ
Μέσα στο σπίτι υπήρχαν 11.000 έργα τέχνης, ένα σύνολο 2.500 αρχαιοτήτων που ανήκαν στη συλλογή.
καλλιτέχνες απο τους καταλόγους
Brauner,
Victorde
Chirico, Giorgio
Cply
Crippa
Damish, Hubert
Ernst, Max
Fassianos,
Alekos
Leonor
Fini
Γκίκας
Xavier Lalanne, Claude et Francois
Stanislao Lepri
Magritte
Matla
Mattiaci
Pascali
Carlo Ramous
Martsal Raysse
Niki de Saint Phalle
Takis
Dorothea Tanning
Paul Thek
Τσόκλης
Wols
Για την απελευθέρωση της Αισθητικής και της Συνείδησης της Ελευθερίας - Άννα Τσουλούφη-Λάγιου
από την Άννα Τσουλούφη-Λάγιου 27/12/2008Τα τελευταία μας νέα ανακοινώθηκαν λίγες ώρες πριν δολοφονηθεί ο Αλέξανδρος Γρηγορόπουλος από τον ειδικό φρουρό Κορκονέα. Κάποιοι από εμάς που έχουμε πολιτική και κοινωνική συνείδηση πέρα από την αισθητική, ανάμεναν χρόνια τώρα αυτή τη θρυαλλίδα που πυροδότησε και έδωσε τον ρυθμό πολλών κινητοποιήσεων. Δυστυχώς οι άνθρωποι πρέπει να πληγωθούμε θανάσιμα για να εξεγερθούμε ενάντια στην βία της άδικης και ακαλαίσθητης αρχής. Ένα αποτέλεσμα των σφοδρών διαμαρτυριών συλληφθέντες, εκ των οποίων αρκετοί έχουν κριθεί προφυλακισθέντες με σοβαρά αδικήματα. Δηλώνουμε συμπαράσταση και διαμαρτυρόμαστε για τις άδικες συλλήψεις. Η δημοσίευση αυτού του κειμένου είναι το λιγότερο που υποχρεούμαστε να κάνουμε μέσα από το δικτυακό μας τόπο.Πολλές από αυτές τις απίστευτα σφοδρές για τα ελληνικά μέτρα και σταθμά κινητοποιήσεις πολιτών, φοιτητών, μαθητών, εργαζομένων αλλά και καλλιτεχνών εκτυλίσσονται μέχρι και αυτή τη στιγμή στην μητρόπολη και σε πολλούς άλλους τόπους της χώρας καθώς και εκτός αυτής, έχουν πάρει τη μορφή εφήμερων καταλήψεων ή και συσπειρώσεων σε κοινωνικά κέντρα που λαμβάνουν εκτός από κοινωνική και πολιτική -το σημαντικότερο για μας-πολιτιστική χροιά. Φαίνεται ότι πολλοί πολίτες σκοπό τους έχουν την αυτοοργάνωσή τους ενάντια σε αρχές καταστολής δικαιωμάτων, νόμων, αλλά και επιθυμιών, έκφρασης και πολιτιστικών δράσεων που απέχουν από τους θεσμούς και τις αρχές αυτού του γελοιωδέστατου και απόλυτα ανοργάνωτου κράτους που έχουμε να μας αντιπροσωπεύει. Χαρακτηριστικό ήταν το σύνθημα της 24ης Δεκεμβρίου στην απογευματινή πορεία της Ερμού «Αφήσατε τα δάση να καούνε και τώρα φυλάτε το δέντρο του Μαλάκα», με αφορμή την πυρπόληση του συμβόλου των ωραίων Χριστουγέννων του Κακλαμάνη και της εορταστικής αγοράς.Αυτό το ίδιο το κράτος χειρίζεται την πολιτιστική μας κληρονομιά αυτή τη στιγμή με μόνο σκοπό την άνθιση του τουρισμού και την δημιουργία μιας τεράστιας παραλίας γεμάτη από κατασκευασμένες επιθυμίες για πολλές καφετέριες και φαγάδικα, αναψυκτήρια και άλλα ανάλογα, καθώς το «αρχαίο ελληνικό πνεύμα» αποσβένεται σε μια χειρίστου βαθμού οργανωμένη από άλλους, ακίνδυνη και ελεγχόμενη βακχεία στα νυχτερινά κλαμπ και τους τόπους οι οποίοι αντιπροσωπεύουν την κυριλέ και ψεύτικη ιλουστρασιόν gay, δηλαδή χαρούμενη (στα ελληνικά gay σημαίνει χαρούμενος/η/ο) διάθεση.Αυτό το άδικο και φαινομενικά ιλουστρασιόν ανοργάνωτο και χαοτικό πράγμα-κράτος ακολουθεί μεν γραμμές έξωθεν αλλά ενισχύει κιόλας τις εσωτερικές επιταγές της διατήρησης των προνομίων των πολιτικών και θρησκευτικών ηγετών, δηλαδή το νεοσυντηρητικό και νεοελληνικό «πνεύμα».Όλες οι αισθητικές πρωτοπορίες καλούσαν σε επαναστατική εξέλιξη: των αισθήσεων, της τεχνολογίας, των μηχανών και γενικά του πολιτισμού και της συνείδησης του ανθρώπου ως προς την υποκειμενικότητά του, πέραν των αρχών της θρησκείας και του κράτους, της φυλής. Ειδικά ως προς τη θέση της τέχνης -εικαστικής και μη- μέσα στο κοινωνικό και πολιτιστικό γίγνεσθαι.Διάφορες καλλιτεχνικές δράσεις διαμαρτυρίας που έχουν λάβει μέρος μέσα σε αυτήν την εξεγερτική διάθεση των ημερών, έχουν έντονα και εμφανή πολιτική εκτός από αισθητική χροιά, όσο και αν αυτό φαντάζει σε κάποιους του εδώ εικαστικού χώρου να στέκεται μακριά από τους σκοπούς της τέχνης. Ή καλύτερα θα μπορούσαμε να πούμε ότι όλες οι δράσεις που γίνονται έχουν έντονα την αισθητική χροιά, ειδικότερα μέσα στα πλαίσια της θεαματικής διαδικασίας των μέσων ενημέρωσης.Θεωρούμε ότι η αισθητική αυτών των εξελίξεων μας ξεπερνά. Οι μορφές που προκύπτουν από τις καταστάσεις εκφράζουν το αποτρόπαιο και τρομακτικό πρόσωπο της σύγχρονης γοργούς, έμβλημα κάθε πολεμιστή. Παρολαυτά, δηλώνουμε ότι θα κάνουμε ότι μπορούμε ώστε η επιθυμία και η έκφραση να φέρουν ωραίες και εκλεπτυσμένες μορφές πάλι κοντά μας και κοντά σε αυτούς που αγωνίζονται για την απελευθέρωση του πνεύματος από την νέα βαρβαρότητα.Η αισθητική της πολιτιστικής κατάστασης που ορίζεται από αυτό το ακαλαίσθητο κράτος στην Ελλάδα αυτή τη στιγμή απλά δεν είναι του γούστου μας! Θα αγωνιστούμε για να αλλάξει! Χαιρόμαστε που βλέπουμε τον κάθε ένα να αντιδρά ανάλογα!Μέσα στο πλαίσιο της δράσης μας ως συλλογικότητα, κυρίως εικαστικών, εκφράζουμε την εναντίωσή μας στην ολιγωρία των θεσμών και στην αδράνεια τους σε θέματα σύγχρονης τέχνης και για αυτό το λόγο έχουμε δραστηριοποιηθεί εδώ και καιρό γύρω από το ζήτημα Ιόλα το οποίο για μας συγκεντρώνει επίμαχα ζητήματα της εποχής με τις επιμέρους παραμέτρους τους.3 βδομάδες μετά την δολοφονία του Αλέξανδρου Γρηγορόπουλου που είχε σαν αποτέλεσμα την αφύπνιση του κόσμου σε πολλαπλά επίπεδα που είναι σε όλους μας πλέον γνωστά, ως ομάδα Φιλοπάππου δηλώνουμε αυτό που δηλώναμε και πριν το γεγονός, ότι δηλαδή δεν μπορούμε άλλο να δεχόμαστε την ερήμωση φυσικών χώρων που θα μπορούσαν να είναι ζωντανοί οργανισμοί για το καλό της εξέλιξης του σύγχρονου πνεύματος και του πολιτισμού των νέων ανθρώπων, των τεχνών, για χάρη της ενίσχυσης άλλων χώρων που ενδυναμώνουν παλιές μορφές συνείδησης και υποκειμενικότητας, καλυπτόμενες υπό την ομπρέλα της θρησκείας (είτε πρόκειται για τους παπάδες είτε για το αρχαιοελληνικό ιδεώδες και την αρχαιολατρία) ή αυτή της πολιτικής με σκοπό την οικονομική και την κοινωνική ανισότητα για να μην πούμε την καπηλεία του δημόσιου πλούτου, την αποικιοποίηση των συνειδήσεων και του πνεύματος μας. Απαιτούμε η Βίλλα Ιόλα να ανοίξει για τον κόσμο και τους καλλιτέχνες και να λειτουργήσει ως ελεύθερος χώρος!
Αλληλεγγύη στην αισθητική της εξέγερσης!
Να αγωνιστούμε όλοι για την εξέγερση των συνειδήσεων!